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Clean Sky HOT-Description of Work

This project has been organized in three Work Packages:

WP1

WP1 is focused on the characterization of the parameters which may have an impact on fog visibility. The objective is:

(i) to stablish a fog entity criterion,

(ii) study the mixing and the amount of fog generated at a nozzle plume and

(iii) predict the plume itself as a function of the nozzle and ambient conditions, including lighting.

This has been done in three steps,

(i) a first bibliographic search followed by

(ii) experimental tests to check the conclusions

Figure 1: Experimental test on visibility criterion (iii) development of a numerical plume integration tool to predict the plume and its entity. Fog plume integrarion Figure 2: Fog plume integration. Super-saturation achieved and visibilty parameter. Fog plume sofware Figure 3: Fog plume calculation implementation in the developped software.

WP2

This work package has developed the 0D tool to predict the fog generated at the outlet of the ECS components under study. After a bibliographic study, a detailed theoretical model has been made for each of these components. Based on these models, codes for numerical calculation have been developed on several computation environments, allowing to test and to improve the code. A final version has been programmed in Python with the possibility to run the software both manually and as integrated batch processing for other automatic applications.

The elements are:

(i) Pack outlet turbine Turbine model Figure 4: Turbine model Turbine software Figure 5: software turbine tab showing pressure and temperature variation along the turbine. (ii) Post-turbine Heat exchanger, and (iii) Mix-manifold Mixmanifold Figure 6: Generic mix-manifold model and implemented python sofware.

WP3

This work package is focused on fine tuning and validation of the 0D tool developed in work-package 2 and the fog plume tool from work-package 1. For this purpose, three measurement campaigns have been accomplished:

(i) Measurements at a discharging nozzle in fog generation conditions
(ii) Measurement at the outlet of an ECS turbine, with and without post-turbine heat exchanger.
(iii) Measurements at a generic mix-manifold model.

For all campaigns the instrumentation bench was developed in this work package. For the first and the third also the experimental test bench was developed.

Cold Jet mixing droplet generation Cold jet mixing Figure 7: cold jet generation - mixing and generation. Fog Formation Visualization Figure 8: Fog formation visualization. Laden jet generation and visualization Laden jet Figure 9: Laden jet experimental setup. Generation and measurements JetPlumeValidation_01 JetPlumeValidation_02 Figure 10: Laden jet plume fog evolution validation. Upper row: evaporating conditions. Lower raw: condensing conditions. Left: fog entity. Right: D30. (as a fun
Mix-manifold Mix manifold experiment Mixmanifold Figure 11: Experimental setup layout. MixManifoldValidation Figure 12: Mix manifold model validation Turbine and post-turbine heat exchanger TurbineValidation Figure 13: Turbine model validation. Left: modeled vs measured temperature at turbine outlet. Right: modeled vs measured TLWC (total liquid water content) at turbine outlet.
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